Table of Contents
- 1 What is bps Hz?
- 2 What is spectral efficiency in MIMO?
- 3 What is spectral efficiency formula?
- 4 How do you increase spectral efficiency in MIMO?
- 5 What is massive MIMO?
- 6 Which modulation is best?
- 7 What is the channel capacity of a MIMO system with high SNR?
- 8 What are the eigenvalues of MIMO channel matrix H?
What is bps Hz?
Hz (Hertz) is a measure of carrier frequency. BPS (Bits Per Second) is a measure of information throughput. The two are mostly unrelated, in the sense that you could use a very high-frequency carrier (e.g. shortwave radio) to send a very low number of bits per second (e.g. morse code).
What is spectral efficiency in MIMO?
Spectrum efficiency describes the amount of data transmitted over a given spectrum or bandwidthwith minimum transmission errors. To avert any potential interference, massive multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) systems that use beamforming techniques can be used to boost the effectiveness of transmissions.
What is spectral efficiency formula?
It is the net bit rate (useful information rate excluding error-correcting codes) or maximum throughput divided by the bandwidth in hertz of a communication channel or a data link. The spectral efficiency or modulation efficiency is 56,000/3,100 = 18.1 (bit/s)/Hz downstream, and 48,000/3,100 = 15.5 (bit/s)/Hz upstream.
What is meant by bandwidth efficiency?
1. It can be defined as the effective and useful use of every Hertz of frequency available for communication. In radio communication, bandwidth efficiency is essential as the available spectrum for communication is very limited.
Is bps and Hz same?
They are similar concepts in that they both measure a rate of a thing, but not the same. Hz, or hertz, means cycles per second, and is a measure of frequency. bps is “bits per second”, or less frequently “bytes per second”. The relationship between the two will depend on how a bit is encoded.
How do you increase spectral efficiency in MIMO?
A great way to improve the spectral efficiency is to simultaneously serve many user terminals in the cell, over the same bandwidth, by means of space division multiple access. This is where Massive MIMO is king. There is no doubt that this technology can improve the spectral efficiency.
What is massive MIMO?
Massive multiple-input, multiple-output, or massive MIMO, is an extension of MIMO, which essentially groups together antennas at the transmitter and receiver to provide better throughput and better spectrum efficiency.
Which modulation is best?
8.5. 1 High spectral-efficiency long-haul transmission
| Year | Modulation Format | Data Rate |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | QPSK NGI-CO-OFDM | 1.2 Tb/s |
| 2010 | 16-QAM CO-OFDM | 520.8 Gb/s |
| 2012 | 256-IPM CO-OFDM | 231.5 Gb/s |
| 2012 | 256-QAM CO-OFDM | 400 Gb/s |
What is spectral efficiency LTE?
The spectral efficiency is generally defined by the transmission data rates divided by the channel bandwidth and expressed in bits per second, per Hz (bps/Hz). It is also called as normalized throughput. Normalized uplink throughput with an AMC in LTE.
What is the data rate of 4×4 MIMO?
Lets consider 4×4 MIMO, theoretically it makes raw data rates four times i.e. 400 Mbps. assuming 25 \% as overhead the net data rate will be as 300 Mbps. Similarly data rate can be calcuated for uplink .
What is the channel capacity of a MIMO system with high SNR?
At high SNR the capacity of a MIMO channel is maximized when the Covariance matrix of input(Rss) is an identity matrix. d. For a MIMO system having MT = AIR = Al whose channel matrix is orthogonal, the channel capacity can be expressed as C = Mlog2(1 + E s) where ( N s) is the average SNR.
What are the eigenvalues of MIMO channel matrix H?
Score: 0 Accepted Answers: 3) Consider a 2 x 3 MIMO channel matrix H and assume HHH is full rank. The Eigen values of HHH are 0.2 & 0.8. Average SNR (ES) 6 dB. Compute the Capacity of the MIMO channel when the channel state information is not known to the transmitter. a. 0.9625 bps/Hz. b. 1.383 bps/Hz. c. 1.6732 bps/Hz. d. 1.8139 bps/Hz.