How far can sonar detect a submarine?

How far can sonar detect a submarine?

In particular, an average detection range of 5 km will result in the upper limit “corridor” fluctuating from 2-3 to 8-9 km (model A). The tracking submarine will hardly be able to respond adequately to such changes during long periods of weeks and months.

How long is sonar range?

Sonar systems used in warfare must detect targets at a reasonable distance and this constrains the working frequency range to about 1–100 kHz, with a typical wavelength of 1.5 m–1.5 cm.

Are submarines detectable?

Submarines can also be detected by the heat they produce. A plane equipped with an infrared camera can find it this way. This also goes for submarines, of course. This can include radio signals, but also radiation from other devices such as radar, computers, motors, mobile telephones, weapons systems and more.

How does a submarine use sonar to detect?

The primary method of sonar detection by a submarine is listening (chapter 13) because echo ranging discloses its presence. On a war patrol a submarine maintains a listening watch. When a target is detected, the bearing is determined by the listening equipment.

What is a listening watch on a submarine?

On a war patrol a submarine maintains a listening watch. When a target is detected, the bearing is determined by the listening equipment. When the sonar range to the target is desired, the echo-ranging transducer is trained to the target bearing and a single short ping is emitted.

What was the purpose of the fundamentals of sonar?

During World War II, he continued to develop sonar systems that could detect submarines, mines, and torpedoes. He published Fundamentals of Sonar in 1957 as chief research consultant at the US Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory. He held this position until 1959 when he became technical director, a position he held until mandatory retirement in 1963.

How does echo-ranging work on a submarine?

When a target is detected, the bearing is determined by the listening equipment. When the sonar range to the target is desired, the echo-ranging transducer is trained to the target bearing and a single short ping is emitted. The echo-ranging equipment on a submarine is used most often for navigation and only as required for target ranging.