What are the characteristics of Bose-Einstein condensate?
The most obvious property of a BEC is that a large fraction of its particles occupy the same, namely the lowest, energy state. In atomic condensates this can be confirmed by measuring the velocity distribution of the atoms in the gas.
How do you make Bose-Einstein condensate at home?
To make a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. Then you cool it with lasers, using the beams to take energy away from the atoms. After that, to cool them further, scientists use evaporative cooling.
What happens if we touch Bose-Einstein condensate?
The process of cooling discards the majority of the particless. Therefore the total amount of the condensed matter is tiny with a very low density. If you were to get into contact with a cloud of BEC, your body heat would heat up the cold matter in no time, effectivelly destroying the condensate.
Can photons form Bose-Einstein condensate?
“The photons acquire the temperature of the dye solution,” says Weitz. The strong concentration of the light particles combined with simultaneous cooling causes the individual photons to fuse to form a “super photon,” also known as Bose-Einstein condensate.
How does a Bose-Einstein condensate work?
A Bose-Einstein condensate is a group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero. When they reach that temperature the atoms are hardly moving relative to each other; they have almost no free energy to do so. At that point, the atoms begin to clump together, and enter the same energy states.
What is Bose Einstein condensation?
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.
What is plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate?
Plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate are two phases of matter, and the other possible phases of matter are the solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase. The key difference between plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate is that the plasma state contains a gas of ions and free electrons, whereas Bose-Einstein condensate contains a gas of bosons at low densities, which is cooled to a low temperature close to absolute zero.
What state of matter is Bose Einstein?
Bose Einstein Condensate is the fifth state of matter (after solid, liquid, gas, plasma). To visualize the fifth state of matter one needs to have the cooling capacity to lower gas temperature to very near the absolute zero (less than one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero).
Who is Bose Einstein?
Bose-Einstein condensates were first predicted theoretically by Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), an Indian physicist who also discovered the subatomic particle named for him, the boson. Bose was working on statistical problems in quantum mechanics, and sent his ideas to Albert Einstein. Einstein thought them important enough to get them published.