Does Bose-Einstein condensate have density?
A BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density (about 100,000 times less dense than normal air) to ultra-low temperatures.
What is special about the Bose-Einstein condensate?
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.
What is the limitation of Bose-Einstein statistics?
In contrast to Fermi-Dirac statistics, the Bose-Einstein statistics apply only to those particles not limited to single occupancy of the same state—that is, particles that do not obey the restriction known as the Pauli exclusion principle.
Who invented Bose-Einstein condensate?
Bose-Einstein condensates were first predicted theoretically by Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), an Indian physicist who also discovered the subatomic particle named for him, the boson. Bose was working on statistical problems in quantum mechanics, and sent his ideas to Albert Einstein.
What is the Bose-Einstein condensate?
Bose-Einstein Condensate: The Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupies the lowest quantum state at which point microscopic quantum phenomena, particularly wave function interference, become apparent.
What is the Bose-Einstein theory of matter?
Einstein then extended Bose’s ideas to matter in two other papers. The result of their efforts is the concept of a Bose gas, governed by Bose–Einstein statistics, which describes the statistical distribution of identical particles with integer spin, now called bosons. ), are allowed to share a quantum state.
What is Bose-Einstein integral of critical temperature?
When the integral (also known as Bose–Einstein integral) is evaluated with factors of and ℏ restored by dimensional analysis, it gives the critical temperature formula of the preceding section. Therefore, this integral defines the critical temperature and particle number corresponding to the conditions of negligible chemical potential
What is the lowest quantum state of a boson?
Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point microscopic quantum mechanical phenomena, particularly wavefunction interference, become apparent macroscopically. A BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density (about 100,000 times less dense than normal air) to ultra-low temperatures.