Table of Contents
Can you make a Bose-Einstein condensate?
To make a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. Then you cool it with lasers, using the beams to take energy away from the atoms. After that, to cool them further, scientists use evaporative cooling.
Is Bose-Einstein condensate rare?
Bose-Einstein condensate is a rare state (or phase) of matter in which a large percentage of bosons collapse into their lowest quantum state, allowing quantum effects to be observed on a macroscopic scale.
Who made Bose Einstein condensate?
Wolfgang Ketterle
On 5 June 1995, the first gaseous condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder NIST–JILA lab, in a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvins (nK). Shortly thereafter, Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT produced a Bose–Einstein Condensate in a gas of sodium atoms.
How did Einstein get condensation?
In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (−273.15 °C or −459.67 °F).
What is the temperature of Bose Einstein condensate?
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.
What is a Bose-Einstein condensate?
In this animation, Nobel laureate Eric Cornell describes the creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate. A gas of atoms is trapped and cooled by lasers. A magnetic trap then allows the hottest atoms to escape, resulting in a gas so cold and so dense that it coalesces into a “superatom”—the Bose-Einstein condensate.
What is the difference between the Bose-Einstein and Jin-DeMarco experiments?
While the Bose-Einstein experiments used one class of quantum particles known as bosons, Jin and DeMarco cooled atoms that are fermions, the other class of quantum particles found in nature. This was important to physicists because the basic building blocks of matter—electrons, protons and neutrons — are all fermions.
When was the first condensation condensate made?
The condensation was first achieved at 10:54 a.m. on June 5, 1995, in a laboratory at JILA. The apparatus that made it is now at the Smithsonian Institution. The atoms within the condensate obey the laws of quantum physics and are as close to absolute zero—minus 273.15 Celsius or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit—as the laws of physics will allow.
How cold can a condensate get?
The apparatus that made it is now at the Smithsonian Institution. The atoms within the condensate obey the laws of quantum physics and are as close to absolute zero—minus 273.15 Celsius or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit—as the laws of physics will allow. The physicists likened it to an ice crystal forming in cold water.