How are climate models constructed?

How are climate models constructed?

Climate models are constructed with two types of essential building blocks: physical, chemical, and biological laws founded on theory (the laws of thermodynamics and Newton’s laws of motion, for example, are critical to understanding circulation) and data collected from observation.

Who invented the climate model?

Two scientists from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Drs. Syukuro Manabe and Kirk Bryan, published the model results in 1969.

What is a global climate change model?

A global climate model (GCM) is a complex mathematical representation of the major climate system components (atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice), and their interactions. Earth’s energy balance between the four components is the key to long-term climate prediction.

What is Cnrm CM5?

Description. CNRM-CM5 is an Earth system model designed to run climate simulations. It consists of several existing models designed independently and coupled through the OASIS software developed at CERFACS. ARPEGE-Climate for the atmosphere.

What are the main climate models?

• Box models.
• Zero-dimensional models.
• Radiative-convective models.
• Higher-dimension models.
• EMICs (Earth-system models of intermediate complexity)
• GCMs (global climate models or general circulation models)
• Research and development.
• See also.

When were climate models created?

The first general circulation climate model that combined both oceanic and atmospheric processes was developed in the late 1960s at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AOGCMs represent the pinnacle of complexity in climate models and internalise as many processes as possible.

Why are global climate models important?

Climate models are important tools for improving our understanding and predictability of climate behavior on seasonal, annual, decadal, and centennial time scales. Models investigate the degree to which observed climate changes may be due to natural variability, human activity, or a combination of both.

How many global climate models exist?

But the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change simply averages up the 29 major climate models to come up with the forecast for warming in the 21st century, a practice rarely done in operational weather forecasting.

What is the CMIP5 model?

The CMIP is a standard experimental framework for studying the output of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models. CMIP5 (formally: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) is the most current and extensive of the CMIPs.

What is HadGEM2?

HadGEM2-ES is a coupled AOGCM with atmospheric reso- lution of N96 (1.875◦ × 1.25◦) with 38 vertical levels and an ocean resolution of 1◦ (increasing to 1/3◦ at the equator) and 40 vertical levels. The model timestep is 30min (atmosphere and land) and 1h (ocean).

How do scientists generate current climate models?

To “run” a model, scientists specify the climate forcing (for instance, setting variables to represent the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere) and have powerful computers solve the equations in each cell. Results from each grid cell are passed to neighboring cells, and the equations are solved again.

What is the community climate system model?

The Community Climate System Model (CCSM) is a coupled global climate model (GCM) developed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy (DoE), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

What is the latest version of the community atmosphere model (CAM)?

The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) can also be run as a standalone atmosphere model. Its most current version is 3.1, while 3.0 was the fifth generation. On May 17, 2002, its name was changed from the NCAR Community Climate Model to reflect its role in the new system.

What is the difference between CCSM and Cam?

Atmosphere model (CAM) On May 17, 2002, its name was changed from the NCAR Community Climate Model to reflect its role in the new system. It shares the same horizontal grid as the land model of CCSM: a 256×128 regular longitude/latitude global horizontal grid (giving a 1.4 degree resolution). It has 26 levels in the vertical.

What is the history of the CCSM?

The first version of CCSM was created in 1983 as the Community Climate Model (CCM). Over the next two decades it was steadily improved and was renamed CCSM after the Climate System Model (CSM) components were introduced in May 1996. In June 2004 NCAR released the third version, which included new versions of all of the submodels.