Table of Contents
How are excavated materials determined as being surplus to requirements?
Excavated material becomes surplus if: Its irrecoverable physical, chemical or biochemical quality prevents it from being used in a development; There is more material than required for the development; or. The requirement for a type of material is too far away from the excavation point to make its use practicable.
What are the 3 types of excavation?
Types of Excavation
- Earth excavation is removal of the layer of soil immediately under the topsoil and on top of rock.
- Muck excavation is removal of material that contains an excessive amount of water and undesirable soil.
- Unclassified excavation is removal of any combination of topsoil, earth, rock, and muck.
What is a surplus spoil?
Excess spoil means spoil material disposed in a location other than the mined-out area, except that spoil material used to achieve the approximate original contour or to blend the mined-out area with the surrounding terrain. Sample 1. Sample 2.
What is excavated material?
Excavation belongs to the method of shifting earth, rock or other materials by applying the tools, equipment or explosives. It comprises of earthwork, trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground.
What is Disposal Surplus?
Sale to Employees of the Enterprise: Some scrap/surplus items are sometimes sold to employees of the enterprise. If the surplus is the result of technical obsolescence or overstocking due to various reasons but the materials are in new or good condition, these can be disposed of to employees in a satisfactory manner.
What is excavation in road construction?
Excavation is the process of moving earth, rock or other materials with tools, equipment or explosives. It also includes trenching, wall shafts, tunnelling and underground. It is the preliminary activity of the construction project.
How do you calculate excavation?
So, the formula is: Ab = Wb * Lb, where Wb and Lb are the width and length of the bottom of the excavation. At = Wt * Lt, where Wt and Lt are the width and length of the top of the excavation. In our example, Wb = Lb = 5 and Wt = Lt = 15, so Ab = 5 * 5 = 25 and At = 15 * 15 = 225, and D = 5.
What is a spoil excavation?
Description. Spoil piles are excavated materials consisting of topsoil or subsoils that have been removed and temporarily stored during the construction activity.
What is spoil in road construction?
Spoil is defined as any earthen material that is surplus to requirements or unsuitable for re- use in fill and embankments (such as unsuitable rock and soil material) or material that is contaminated.
How do you calculate bulk excavation?
What is the difference between trench and bulk excavation?
OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the Earth’s surface formed by earth removal. A trench is defined as a narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground.
What is excavation in construction?
Before construction or engineering projects can begin, an area may need to be cleared of topsoil, gravel, sand, rocks, and so on and grading might need to be done. In such cases, excavation will consist of clearing away wide, shallow swaths of material.
How is the amount paid for an excavation calculated?
Payment for each type and class of excavation is made at the contract unit price for that type and class of excavation.
What are the tools used in excavation?
On small sites or in confined spaces, excavation may be carried out by manual means using tools such as picks, shovels and wheelbarrows. Larger scale excavation works will require heavy plant such as bulldozers and backactors. For more information, see Excavating plant.
What are the different types of excavations?
Types of Excavation (By Type & Material) 1 Bridge Excavation. 2 Borrow Excavation. 3 Channel Excavation. 4 Drainage/Structure Excavation. 5 Dredging. 6 Earth Excavation. 7 Footing Excavation. 8 Muck Excavation. 9 Roadway Excavation. 10 Rock Excavation.