How do the atoms of Bose Einstein condensate behave?

How do the atoms of Bose Einstein condensate behave?

A Bose-Einstein condensate is a group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero. At that point, the atoms begin to clump together, and enter the same energy states. They become identical, from a physical point of view, and the whole group starts behaving as though it were a single atom.

What is Bose Einstein condensate theory?

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.

What are two examples of how Bose Einstein condensates are used?

Two examples of materials containing Bose-Einstein condensates are superconductors and superfluids. Superconductors conduct electricity with virtually zero electrical resistance: Once a current is started, it flows indefinitely. The liquid in a superfluid also flows forever.

How are the atoms in plasma different than the atoms in Bose Einstein condensate?

The key difference between plasma and Bose Einstein condensate is that plasma state contains a gas of ions and free electrons, whereas Bose-Einstein condensate contains a gas of bosons at low densities, which is cooled to a low temperature close to absolute zero.

What is unusual about Bose-Einstein condensation?

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), the first of which was shown experimentally 22 years ago, isn’t your garden variety state of matter. It formed at a fraction above absolute zero and only in atoms that act like bosons, one of two types of fundamental particles.

What are the properties of Bose-Einstein condensates?

The most obvious property of a BEC is that a large fraction of its particles occupy the same, namely the lowest, energy state. In atomic condensates this can be confirmed by measuring the velocity distribution of the atoms in the gas.

How is plasma and Bose Einstein different?

Plasmas are gases of electrically charged particles, with equal amounts of both positive and negative charge. Plasmas tend to form at high temperature, since electrons then come off atoms leaving charged ions. Bose condensates form at low temperature, since at high temperatures more states are available to the atoms.

What are the properties of Bose Einstein condensate?

Does Bose-Einstein condensate have a definite shape?

They atoms in a liquid slide past each other. They have no definite shape but they have a definite volume. They are, BEC(Bose-Einstein Condensate), Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

Why does a Bose-Einstein condensate behave like a super atom?

That’s why the atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate behave like “super atoms.”. When one tries to measure where they are, instead of seeing discrete atoms one sees more of a fuzzy ball. Other states of matter all follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle, named for physicist Wolfgang Pauli.

What is the Bose-Einstein theory of matter?

Einstein then extended Bose’s ideas to matter in two other papers. The result of their efforts is the concept of a Bose gas, governed by Bose–Einstein statistics, which describes the statistical distribution of identical particles with integer spin, now called bosons. ), are allowed to share a quantum state.

How long does a Bose Einstein condensate last?

The result was a Bose-Einstein condensate of about 2,000 rubidium atoms that lasted for 15 to 20 seconds. New machines can now make condensates of much greater numbers of atoms that last up to three minutes.

Who are the Bose-Einstein physicists?

Chris Smith heard from two Bose-Einstein condensate physicists: Lindsay LeBlanc from the University of Alberta, and Rob Nyman at Imperial College London… Rob – Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian mathematician who made some realisations about the statistics when you count the ways of arranging identical particles.