How would you improve the TCP performance?

How would you improve the TCP performance?

Slow-Start Restart. Disabling slow-start after idle will improve performance of long-lived TCP connections that transfer data in periodic bursts. Window Scaling (RFC 1323) Enabling window scaling increases the maximum receive window size and allows high-latency connections to achieve better throughput.

How does TCP control the speed rate of sending data?

TCP slow start works based on the windowing technique. This helps TCP control the rate at which data is sent over the network, and to understand the maximum capacity of data that can be sent over the wire. TCP slow start exponentially increases the rate at which data is transmitted.

How does TCP handle latency?

If IP packets are lost or delivered out of order, TCP requests retransmission of lost packets and puts out-of-order packets back in order. As latency increases, TCP dramatically slows its rate of data transfer and the data also becomes more “bursty” in nature.

Why is TCP slow starting important?

Slow start prevents a network from becoming congested by regulating the amount of data that’s sent over it. It negotiates the connection between a sender and receiver by defining the amount of data that can be transmitted with each packet, and slowly increases the amount of data until the network’s capacity is reached.

What is TCP performance?

TCP throughput, which is the rate that data is successfully delivered over a TCP connection, is an important metric to measure the quality of a network connection.

How do the TCP senders determine their sending rates such that they don’t congest the network but at the same time make use of all the available bandwidth?

If a TCP sender perceives that there is little congestion on the path between itself and the destination, then the TCP sender increases its send rate; if the sender perceives that there is congestion along the path, then the sender reduces its send rate.

How is the sending rate typically regulated in a TCP implementation?

How is the sending rate typically regulated in a TCP implementation? By keeping a window of size cwnd over the sequence number space, and making sure that no more than cwnd bytes of data are outstanding (i.e, unACKnowledged). The size of cwnd is regulated by AIMD.

How does TCP ensure flow control?

TCP offers flow control mechanisms to ensure a receiving application doesn’t collect data faster than it’s able to consume it. This mechanism relies on the window field in the TCP header and provides an effective speed-matching system to help support TCP’s reliable data transport service.

What causes TCP latency?

When bottlenecks occur – and when there is no congestion management – packets get dropped or queued in a buffer which delays transmission. If the transmission is TCP, the sender/receiver must request and resend data. This retransmission and buffering process can cause significant data latency.

How is TCP packet loss measured?

The best way to measure packet loss using ping is to send a large number of pings to the destination and look for failed responses. For instance, if you ping something 50 times and get only 49 responses, you can estimate packet loss at roughly 2\% at the moment.

How do you test TCP packet loss?

The Performance Monitor can be used to check for TCP/IP packet losses. To launch the Performance Monitor user interface, proceed as follows. Right click on the Windows icon in the bottom left hand corner of your screen, and select Run from the pop-up menu.

How do you transfer large chunks of data in TCP?

Transfer bigger chunks per round-trip: If you can persuade TCP to have bigger send and receive windows, then you can transfer more per RTT. (This is the usual sort of tuning the super-computing centers do.) Parallelize: some peer to peer apps and browsers open many TCP connections.

How to reduce TCP throttling?

In other words, you make TCP a little less sensitive to hints, so it takes a couple of lost packets before it really throttles back the way it does on a LAN. This sort of thing may really help if your computer stack supports them.

How much faster is TCP congestion avoidance?

Realistically, the standard TCP congestion avoidance gives you about 70-75\% of that (cycling down to 1/2 speed, then up to full). Older stacks ran at about 50\% of the theoretical max. That’s for longer transfers, for small files the TCP connection overhead and slow start may somewhat lower the throughput.

What are the enhancements to TCP/IP?

There are a number of enhancements for TCP/IP: selective ACK, revised congestion response for situations like high speed lossy links (e.g. some satellite or wireless links), and the like.