Table of Contents
What an industrial toxicant that causes nephrotoxicity?
Environmental toxicants of particular concern are arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury.
What toxins cause nephritis?
Glomerulonephritis has been associated with exposure to other tubulotoxic chemicals such as gold, lithium and mercury, both experimentally and in man.
Which of these drugs is linked to nephrotoxicity?
20 Drugs associated with this mechanism of nephrotoxicity include calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus), certain chemotherapy agents, Chinese herbals containing aristocholic acid, and lithium.
What are nephrotoxic chemicals?
Nephrotoxicity can be defined as the adverse effect of substances on renal function (Perazella, 2009). These substances can include molds and fungi, cancer therapeutics such as cisplatin, antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, metals such as mercury, arsenic and lead, and drugs of abuse such as cocaine.
How does nephrotoxicity affect the kidneys?
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney problems and occurs when your body is exposed to a drug or toxin that causes damage to your kidneys. When kidney damage occurs, you are unable to rid your body of excess urine, and wastes.
What is ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are clinically significant dose-related adverse effects associated with second-line anti-tubercular injectables drugs (aminoglycosides and capreomycin) used during intensive phase of treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.
What are the clinical manifestations of nephrotoxicity?
If severe enough, nephrotoxicity can show signs of other types of decreased kidney function, such as decreased urination, swelling from fluid retention and high blood pressure. In some patients, nephrotoxicity can also affect other body systems such as the liver or the skin and show signs in those areas as well.
Which antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin can cause both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the severity of which varies with circadian time of daily treatment.
Which category of drugs cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
It is well established that many drugs, such as the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are capable of inducing both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
Why do aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic because a small but sizable proportion of the administered dose (≈5\%) is retained in the epithelial cells lining the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubules (135) after glomerular filtration (30).
Does tetracycline cause nephrotoxicity?
Another potentially fatal side effect of this antibiotic drug is nephrotoxicity. Acute renal failure associated with tetracycline is not accompanied by oliguria. In the presence of a normal urine volume, increasing azotemia is easily overlooked as a possible cause for rapid deterioration of a patient.