Table of Contents
What is a steering axis inclination?
The steering axis inclination, θ, is defined as the angle measured in the front elevation between the steering axis (sometimes referred to as the ‘kingpin’ axis from the days when a physical pin was used within a beam axle assembly) and the vertical.
What is the purpose of steering angles?
The angle of the steering arms allows the rear wheels to track more closely with the front when turning a corner. The actual process of going from toe-in (or toe zero) to toe-out when navigating a turn is known as the Ackerman Effect.
What is a normal car steering angle?
Most sports cars are around 2.5 (900 degrees), while anything 720 or below is considered annoyingly twitchy on the road, unless of course the car in question is a Noble, which has the turning radius of a small continent. Heck, many cars with steering racks that are 2.7 turns or less have huge turning radii.
What is the kingpin axis?
The kingpin axis is the line between the upper and lower ball joints of the hub. On a MacPherson strut, the top pivot point is the strut bearing, and the bottom point is the lower ball joint. The inclination of the steering axis is measured as the angle between the steering axis and the centerline of the wheel.
What is the axis of a car?
Longitudinal axis (X – axis or roll axis) is an axis drawn through the body of the vehicle from front to rear in the normal direction of movement, or the direction the driver faces, also passing trough the center of gravity and usually, but not always, is parallel to earth (track surface) too. Depend of the rake angle.
How does camber angle affect steering?
Camber is used to distribute load across the entire tread. Improper camber can make the tire wear on one edge and may cause the vehicle to pull to the side that has the most positive camber. In these types of vehicles, the positive camber angle helps to minimize the amount of steering effort.
What is maximum steering angle?
The steering angle is defined as the angle between the front of the vehicle and the steered wheel direction as shown in Figure 11. The steering system has a maximum (minimum) steering angle of +0.52359878 (-0.52359878) radians or +30 (-30) degree.
Why are kingpins inclined?
On current suspension systems, the kingpin is set at an angle to the vertical plane when viewed from the front or rear of the vehicle. The purpose of the KPI is to produce vertical displacement of the vehicle in during steering in an upward direction. The larger the KPI, the larger the effect.
What is KPI and camber?
Static camber is a measure of the inclination of a tyre to the vertical in front view. A tyre has positive camber when the top of the tyre leans away from the centre line of the vehicle. Tyre camber angle to the road surface is one of the key variables which influences tyre performance.
What is the steering axis of a car?
The axis around which the wheel rotates as it turns to the right or left is called the “steering axis”. This axis is found by drawing an imaginary line between the top of the shock absorber’s upper support bearing and the lower suspension arm ball joint (in the case of strut type suspensions).
How do you measure the inclination of the steering axis?
The inclination of the steering axis is measured as the angle between the steering axis and the centerline of the wheel.” “The kingpin axis is the line between the upper and lower ball joints of the hub. On a MacPherson strut, the top pivot point is the strut bearing, and the bottom point is the lower ball joint.
What is the difference between steering axis and kingpin axis?
In simple words, the axis passes through the upper ball joint and lower ball joint to which wheel is attached is called kingpin axis and the inclination between the kingpin axis and the vertical wheel axis is steering axis.
What is the difference between steering axis inclination and ground offset?
Calculation of Steering Axis Inclination θ and Ground Offset (GO). Ground offset is the lateral distance in the y-direction between the wheelbase and the intersection between the steering axis and the ground.