What is Iatrogenic pneumothorax?

What is Iatrogenic pneumothorax?

Iatrogenic pneumothorax is a patient safety indicator (PSI) condition. It is a traumatic pneumothorax secondary to an invasive procedure or surgery. The most common cause is the placement of a subclavian central venous line (CVL).

What is the management of pneumothorax?

Treatment options may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube insertion, nonsurgical repair or surgery. You may receive supplemental oxygen therapy to speed air reabsorption and lung expansion.

What are the complications of pneumothorax?

The complications of pneumothorax include effusion, hemorrhage, empyema; respiratory failure, pneumomediastinum, arrhythmias and instable hemodynamics need to be handled accordingly. Treatment complications refer to major pain, subcutaneous emphysema, bleeding and infection, rare re-expansion pulmonary edema.

What is the pathophysiology of pneumothorax?

Pathophysiology of Pneumothorax In pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space from outside the chest or from the lung itself via mediastinal tissue planes or direct pleural perforation. Intrapleural pressure increases, and lung volume decreases.

What procedures can cause an iatrogenic pneumothorax?

Causes of iatrogenic pneumothorax include the following:

• Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of pulmonary nodules (most common cause, accounting for 32-37\% of cases)
• Transbronchial or pleural biopsy.
• Thoracentesis.
• Central venous catheter insertion, usually subclavian or internal jugular.
• Intercostal nerve block.

What does iatrogenic mean in medical terms?

Iatrogenic (of a disease or symptoms) induced in a patient by the treatment or comments of a physician.

How do you treat a patient with pneumothorax?

Medical management of pneumothorax depends on its cause and severity.

1. Chest tube. A small chest tube is inserted near the second intercostal space to drain the fluid and air.
2. Maintain a closed chest drainage system.
3. Monitor a chest tube unit for any kinks or bubbling.
4. Autotransfusion.
5. Antibiotics.
6. Oxygen therapy.

Does positive pressure ventilation worsen pneumothorax?

Positive pressure ventilation can exacerbate air leaks and prevent pleural healing, potentially causing a rapid increase in the size and severity of existing pneumothorax. An algorithmic approach to treatment of pneumothorax related to mechanical ventilation.

How does oxygen treat pneumothorax?

It is generally accepted that oxygen therapy increases the resolution rate of pneumothorax (1,2). The theoretical basis is that oxygen therapy reduces the partial pressure of nitrogen in the alveolus compared with the pleural cavity, and a diffusion gradient for nitrogen accelerates resolution (3,10).

How does pneumothorax affect intrathoracic pressure?

In tension pneumothorax, air flows into the pleural cavity during inhalation but is retained in the pleural cavity during exhalation and thus cannot exit, leading to a gradual increase in intra-pleural cavity pressure.

How does pneumothorax affect blood pressure?

However, in tension pneumothorax, air continues to enter the pleural space as the person breathes and pressure rises inside the chest. The rise in pressure reduces the amount of blood returning from the body to the heart because the blood cannot force its way into the chest and back to the heart.

What is iatrogenic pneumothorax?

This activity focuses on a subset of traumatic pneumothoraces known as iatrogenic pneumothorax This refers to a pneumothorax that has developed secondary to an … Iatrogenic Pneumothorax

What is the pathophysiology of pneumothorax associated with mechanical ventilation?

Pneumothorax is a potentially lethal complication associated with mechanical ventilation. Most of the patients with pneumothorax from mechanical ventilation have underlying lung diseases; pneumothorax is rare in intubated patients with normal lungs.

When are small bore catheters used in the treatment of pneumothorax?

Small-bore catheters are now preferred in the majority of ventilated patients. Furthermore, if there are clinical signs of a tension pneumothorax, emergency needle decompression followed by tube thoracostomy is widely advocated.

Is ultrasonography useful in the diagnosis of pneumothorax?

For this reason, ultrasonography is beneficial for excluding the diagnosis of pneumothorax.