What is plasma state and Bose-Einstein condensate?

Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC): They are considered as the fifth states of matter after the plasma. They are a group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero. They are amazingly cold, too close to 270∘C or zero kelvin.

Why is Bose-Einstein condensate a state of matter?

A Bose-Einstein condensate is a group of atoms cooled to within a hair of absolute zero. When they reach that temperature the atoms are hardly moving relative to each other; they have almost no free energy to do so. Instead, the atoms fall into the same quantum states, and can’t be distinguished from one another.

Why does Bose-Einstein condensate slow down?

In a BEC, many atoms condense to form one large, super atom. The super atoms are very heavy, and so are the polaritons formed with the incoming photons, and as a result they move much slower than c.

What is plasma state?

Plasma is superheated matter – so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas. It comprises over 99\% of the visible universe. Plasma is often called “the fourth state of matter,” along with solid, liquid and gas.

How is plasma and Bose-Einstein condensates are different from the three states of matter we normally talk about?

Plasmas tend to form at high temperature, since electrons then come off atoms leaving charged ions. Bose condensates form at low temperature, since at high temperatures more states are available to the atoms.

What is the speed of light in a Bose Einstein condensate?

The most intriguing property of BECs is that they can slow down light. In 1998 Lene Hau of Harvard University and her colleagues slowed light traveling through a BEC from its speed in vacuum of 3 × 108 metres per second to a mere 17 metres per second, or about 38 miles per hour.

Why is light slow?

The extreme speed at which light moves, and the fact that photons do not tend to interact with transparent matter, is of enormous benefit to mankind. It allows us to see deep into the Universe and to transmit data over long distances in optical fibres.

What is the meaning of plasma state?

The plasma state is a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons. Plasmas can be fully ionized, as the plasma in the Sun, or partially ionized, as in fluorescent lamps, which contain a large number of neutral atoms.

What is gas plasma?

Plasma is superheated matter – so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionized gas. Just as a liquid will boil, changing into a gas when energy is added, heating a gas will form a plasma – a soup of positively charged particles (ions) and negatively charged particles (electrons).

What is the difference between plasma and Bose Einstein condensate?

Plasma is an ionized gas, into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons from atoms and molecules and to allow both species, ionn and electrons to coexist. A Bose Einstein condensate is astate of matter consisting of dilute bosons cooled to temperatures of absolute zero.

How long does a Bose Einstein condensate last?

The result was a Bose-Einstein condensate of about 2,000 rubidium atoms that lasted for 15 to 20 seconds. New machines can now make condensates of much greater numbers of atoms that last up to three minutes.

What is the difference between the Bose-Einstein and Jin-DeMarco experiments?

While the Bose-Einstein experiments used one class of quantum particles known as bosons, Jin and DeMarco cooled atoms that are fermions, the other class of quantum particles found in nature. This was important to physicists because the basic building blocks of matter—electrons, protons and neutrons — are all fermions.

What is the temperature inside a condensate?

The atoms within the condensate obey the laws of quantum physics and are as close to absolute zero—minus 273.15 Celsius or minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit—as the laws of physics will allow.